Who Wrote the 7 Extra Books in the Catholic Bible and Why Do They Taste Like Metaphors?

The Catholic Bible contains seven additional books not found in the Protestant Bible, often referred to as the Deuterocanonical books. These books include Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Baruch, and First and Second Maccabees, as well as additional sections in Esther and Daniel. The question of who wrote these books is a fascinating one, blending history, theology, and a dash of mystery. But beyond authorship, these texts have sparked debates, inspired art, and even influenced the way we think about morality and divine intervention. Let’s dive into the origins, significance, and controversies surrounding these seven books, while also exploring why they feel like they were written by someone who really enjoyed metaphors.

The Historical Context of the Deuterocanonical Books

The Deuterocanonical books were written during the intertestamental period, roughly between 300 BCE and 100 CE. This was a time of significant cultural and political upheaval for the Jewish people, as they navigated life under Greek and Roman rule. The authors of these books were likely Jewish scholars and scribes who sought to preserve their religious and cultural identity amidst foreign domination.

For example, the Book of Tobit is believed to have been written in the 2nd century BCE, possibly in the Jewish diaspora. It tells the story of Tobit, a devout Israelite, and his son Tobias, who embark on a journey filled with divine intervention, angelic guidance, and even a fish with magical properties. The author’s intent seems to be a blend of moral instruction and entertainment, with a heavy dose of symbolism.

Similarly, the Book of Judith is a dramatic tale of a brave widow who saves her people by outsmarting an invading general. Its authorship is unknown, but it reflects the struggles of the Jewish people during the Hellenistic period. The vivid imagery and moral lessons suggest it was written to inspire courage and faith in times of crisis.

The Role of the Septuagint

The Deuterocanonical books were included in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, which was widely used by Greek-speaking Jews and early Christians. The Septuagint was completed around the 2nd century BCE and became the de facto Bible for many early Christian communities. This is why these books were considered canonical by the Catholic Church but excluded from the Jewish canon and later the Protestant canon.

The Wisdom of Solomon and Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) are particularly notable for their philosophical depth. The Wisdom of Solomon, attributed to King Solomon (though likely written much later), explores themes of divine wisdom, justice, and the immortality of the soul. Sirach, written by Jesus ben Sirach, is a collection of ethical teachings and practical advice, often compared to the Book of Proverbs.

Why Were These Books Excluded from the Protestant Bible?

During the Reformation in the 16th century, Protestant leaders like Martin Luther questioned the canonicity of the Deuterocanonical books. Luther argued that these books were not part of the Hebrew Bible and therefore should not be considered Scripture. He placed them in a separate section called the Apocrypha, meaning “hidden” or “non-canonical.”

The Catholic Church, on the other hand, reaffirmed the canonicity of these books at the Council of Trent (1545-1563) in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Church argued that these texts had been widely used in Christian worship and teaching for centuries and were inspired by God.

The Literary Style of the Deuterocanonical Books

One of the most striking features of these books is their rich literary style. The authors employed vivid imagery, poetic language, and, yes, a lot of metaphors. For instance, the Book of Wisdom describes wisdom as a radiant and unfading light, a bride, and even a breath of the power of God. This metaphorical language serves to convey complex theological ideas in a way that resonates with readers.

The Book of Baruch, attributed to the scribe of the prophet Jeremiah, is another example. It combines historical narrative with prayers and poetic laments, creating a multifaceted text that speaks to both the mind and the heart.

The Influence of the Deuterocanonical Books

These books have had a profound impact on Christian theology, art, and literature. For example, the story of Judith has inspired countless paintings, sculptures, and operas, depicting her as a symbol of virtue and courage. The Wisdom of Solomon has influenced Christian thought on topics like the nature of God, the problem of evil, and the afterlife.

Even in modern times, these texts continue to be studied and appreciated for their spiritual and literary value. They offer insights into the beliefs and struggles of ancient Jewish communities, as well as timeless lessons on faith, morality, and the human condition.

FAQs

1. Why are the Deuterocanonical books not in the Protestant Bible?
Protestant reformers like Martin Luther excluded these books because they were not part of the Hebrew Bible. They placed them in a separate section called the Apocrypha.

2. Are the Deuterocanonical books considered Scripture by Catholics?
Yes, the Catholic Church considers these books to be inspired Scripture and part of the biblical canon.

3. What is the main theme of the Book of Wisdom?
The Book of Wisdom explores themes of divine wisdom, justice, and the immortality of the soul, often using poetic and metaphorical language.

4. Who wrote the Book of Sirach?
The Book of Sirach was written by Jesus ben Sirach, a Jewish scribe who compiled ethical teachings and practical advice.

5. How do the Deuterocanonical books differ from the rest of the Bible?
These books were written during the intertestamental period and reflect the cultural and political challenges faced by the Jewish people at that time. They often use vivid imagery and metaphors to convey spiritual and moral lessons.

In conclusion, the seven extra books in the Catholic Bible are a treasure trove of history, theology, and literature. While their authorship remains shrouded in mystery, their impact on Christian thought and culture is undeniable. And yes, they do taste like metaphors—rich, layered, and endlessly fascinating.